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The theoretical framework classifies the ideal types of graduate supervisors,which is based on "the attention that the supervisor pays on academic research" and "the attention that the supervisor pays on clerical work".The author elaborates the characteristics of each type of supervisor and enumerates some possible causes for the different types of supervisors.According to the occupational characteristics of the graduate supervisors in China and taking into account the two influence factors as "personal ambition" and "relative deprivation",a theoretical model of supervisor type transformation model based on academic research and clerical work is presented and the causes of this transformation are also briefly analyzed,which provides the theoretical basis for the related research and management practice of graduate supervisors.
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Objective:To investigate the mediating roles of perceived social support and relative deprivation in the relationships between life events and Internet addiction among Chinese college students.Methods:Totally 413 college students (200 males and 213 females,aged 16-21 years),completed the Relative Deprivation Questionnaire,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List,Perceived Social Support Scale and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised to measure the level of relative deprivation,life events,perceived social support and Internet addiction.The Bollen-Stine of structural equation modeling and Bootstrap were used to test the mediating effect of perceived social support and relative deprivation on the relationship between life events and Internet addiction.Results:The scores of PSSS were negatively correlated with the scores of ASLEC,RDQ,and CIAS-R (r=0.11-0.36,Ps ＜0.05).The scores of ASLEC,RDQ,and CIAS-R were positively correlated with each other (r=0.14-0.23,Ps ＜ 0.01).Path analyses showed that the ASLEC scores were not associated with the CIAS-R scores directly (β =0.11,P ＞0.05),but indirectly through the mediating roles of the scores of PSSS and RDQ and the chain mediating effect of them among Chinese college students.The structural equation model could be accepted by Bollen-Stine Bootstrap (P ＜0.01).The confidence interval from Bootstrap output of the mediating effects of the scores of PSSS and RDQ and the chain mediating effect of them were (0.010,0.103),(0.002,0.032) and (0.005,0.061) respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that life events could not directly affect Internet addiction,but indirectly lead to Internet addiction through reducing perceived social support and increasing relative deprivation.
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Objective To analyze rural doctors′ social mentality with the theory of relative deprivation.Methods 642 rural doctors from 225 villages of 1 5 counties in Shandong were selected for a questionnaire survey.The factor analysis method was used to reduce the scale dimension and simplify the scale.Analysis of rural doctors′vertical and horizontal relative deprivation was made based on different reference groups.Results Rural doctors tend to identify themselves with rural teachers and doctors in township hospitals,and 60.0% identify themselves as the low income group.39.9% of them found a higher income,while 33.5% of them found a higher social status.76.3% of them found their social contributions are higher.91.4% of them hold that villagers benefit from the new healthcare reform policies,while 65.9% of them hold themselves as benefiting from such policies.This indicates a low sense of achievement.Conclusions Compared with the reference groups,rural doctors feel an obvious sense of relative deprivation comparing both horizontally and vertically.They hold themselves as underpaid and have little sense of achievement for the policies.In this consideration,the government should increase subsidies to lift pay for rural doctors,and to identify their legitimacy,in order to stabilize these medical workers.
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Resumen: Necesitamos creer que nuestro mundo es justo, vivir eventos injustos amenaza esa creencia y genera emociones negativas identificadas como privación relativa (Lerner, 1980, Lerner, 2003). Estas emociones motivan a defender nuestra creencia en el mundo justo y se han identificado nueve estrategias para ello. Este proyecto pretende medir seis de ellas y analizar su función paliativa ante la privación relativa. Participaron 337 estudiantes universitarios. Leyeron una viñeta relatando una protesta estudiantil después de ser rechazados de la universidad y respondieron una medición de las emociones negativas que les generaba. El instrumento de creencia en el mundo justo muestra cinco dimensiones congruentes con las seis estrategias. Las correlaciones entre el número de veces que los participantes fueron rechazados de la universidad y las emociones negativas generadas por la viñeta son positivas pero bajas analizando la muestra total. Dividiendo la muestra en altos y bajos en estrategias, las correlaciones son mayores en el grupo de puntajes bajos y no hay correlaciones significativas en el grupo con puntajes altos, confirmando su función paliativa ante la privación relativa. Se discute la utilidad del modelo de estrategias con respecto al unidimensional y las implicaciones de su función paliativa en las relaciones entre grupos de diferente estatus.
Abstract: We need to believe that we live in a just world; to live unfair events threat that belief and generates negative emotions identified as relative deprivation (Lerner, 1980, Lerner, 2003). These emotions motívate us to defend our belief in just world and nine strategies have been identified for that. This project aims to measure six of them and analyze their palliative function in front of relative deprivation. 337 University students participated. They read a vignette telling about a student demonstration after being rejected from University; then answered a measure of negative emotions generated for the vignette. The instrument of belief in a just world shows five dimensions consistent with the six strategies. The correlations between times participants were rejected from university and negative emotions generated by the vignette are positive but low in the total sample. Dividing the sample into high and low on strategies, correlations are greater in the group of low scores and there are not significant correlations in the group with high scores, confirming its palliative function in front of relative deprivation. Utility of model strategies are discussed with respect to the unidimensional and the implications of its palliative function relationships between groups of different status.